What role do competing political interests play in Essay Example For Students

What job do contending political interests play in Essay the execution ofpoverty decrease policies?Poverty is an all inclusive term and neediness disposal is a general saying. Destitution wrecks people, social orders and countries. Neediness is hunger. Destitution is absence of safe house. It is the condition debilitated however incapable to seea specialist (Gordon et al., 2003). It is the condition which doesnt permit oneto have fundamental necessities throughout everyday life. Neediness is the state of not having ajob and no assets to live with. It brings dread of future. It is thesynonym of weakness, absence of portrayal and opportunity (Gordon etal., 2000). Neediness can hinder the general development of a general public. It cannegatively influence the advancement of the country itself. Neediness is producedby conditions, not people, (Fincher ; Wulff, 1998). Economiccrisis expands the supposed neediness segment, prompting joblessness andsocial turmoil. A legitimate arranging and a superior use of the availableresources of the country will decrease the neediness level to an extraordinary extent(Narayan ; Parker, 2000). Occupying the existingresourcetothedisadvantaged individuals is the need of great importance. Each country need s a propergoverning position to design, achieve and quicken its development. Indeveloping nations particularly, governments and ideological groups lead theshow and attempt to carry progress to the general public and soundness to the economyby dispensing with the condemnations like neediness. The decision party and otherpolitical parties attempt to elevate the general status of the general public and godeep into the issues and complaints of the individuals to a limited degree. We will compose a custom exposition on What job do contending political interests play in explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Despite the fact that they do have assessment questions and clashes among them, theycontribute a great deal for the advancement of the general public and country (especiallyrural territories where neediness is as yet an issue) (Pantazis, Gordon ; Levitas,2006). Political interests and rivalries assume a significant job in eliminatingpoverty from the countries. In the third world countriesespecially,political parties contribute a great deal for the improvement works. Politicalparties attempt to perform well during their decision residency and take variousactions for the contrarily special segments of the general public. They attempt tolook into the desolations of the individuals of not well evolved zones since such areashave most of the populace in it. These less evolved territories wouldbe energetically searching forward for an administration which can push them to improvetheir all out evaluation. No ideological group can ever consider getting rule intheir hand without the votes of these greater part more vulnerable segments. So thesethickly populated less created zones are significant as far aspolitical parties are concerned. They attempt to give charming guarantees intheir political race with the goal that they can deplete the votes of th ese territories. Filling the statement with different destitution reductionpolicieswilldefinitely help the ideological groups to get the polling form in support of themselves. Neediness decrease will be the broadcasted aphorism of ideological groups of lessdeveloped nations. At the point when they come into rule, these gatherings attempt toimplement their destitution decrease approaches somewhat in any event. Ideological groups are very much aware of the way that except if they botherabout the destitution stricken territories, country won't perceive any advancement ingeneral and furthermore they won't get the accompanying political decision in support of themselves. Expanding number of ideological groups has therefore preferred the advancement ofnations from numerous points of view. Progress of the country is the pronounced adage ofpolitics however we should question how far it is valid in the instances of certaincountries that have a tainted political climate. Intrigue bunches assume a significant job in the progression of vote based system, particularly indeveloping nations. Various intrigue bunches exist in nations wherethere are more issues and issues. A political intrigue gathering can be agroup, who attempts to impact the administration so as to complete their interestabout the general public. These ideological groups, particularly the mainopposition gatherings can battle to get their requests met by the administration. Incertain cases resistance groups perform incredibly well and they dorepresent the more vulnerable areas. They can call attention to the imperfections and weaknessesof the decision party and can assist them with improving their standard. These competingpolitical powers are of various nature. They shift in their size,ideology, approach center, persuasive ability, and method of portrayal. .u82bafcab6b596b9e99ab1858ef8a3d0c , .u82bafcab6b596b9e99ab1858ef8a3d0c .postImageUrl , .u82bafcab6b596b9e99ab1858ef8a3d0c .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u82bafcab6b596b9e99ab1858ef8a3d0c , .u82bafcab6b596b9e99ab1858ef8a3d0c:hover , .u82bafcab6b596b9e99ab1858ef8a3d0c:visited , .u82bafcab6b596b9e99ab1858ef8a3d0c:active { border:0!important; } .u82bafcab6b596b9e99ab1858ef8a3d0c .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u82bafcab6b596b9e99ab1858ef8a3d0c { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u82bafcab6b596b9e99ab1858ef8a3d0c:active , .u82bafcab6b596b9e99ab1858ef8a3d0c:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u82bafcab6b596b9e99ab1858ef8a3d0c .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .u82bafcab6b596b9e99ab1858ef8a3d0c .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .u82bafcab6b596b9e99ab1858ef8a3d0c .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u82bafcab6b596b9e99ab1858ef8a3d0c .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u82bafcab6b596b9e99ab1858ef8a3d0c:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u82bafcab6b596b 9e99ab1858ef8a3d0c .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u82bafcab6b596b9e99ab1858ef8a3d0c-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u82bafcab6b596b9e99ab1858ef8a3d0c:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Case Study Of High Strength Concrete Construction EssayFor model, a few gatherings may concentrate on specific issues or land areasand some might be keen on certain exceptional points. Additionally there arecertain political gatherings who chip away at more extensive regions of open arrangement. Certain intrigue bunches center around government alone to get their requests donewhereas a few gatherings attempt to impact non-administrative and different privateorganizations and relationship to maintain their destinations. The politicalparty which is in power (the delegate government) is assumed toencourage the interests of other contending bunches moreover. They will considerthe restrictions sentiment in regards to significant issues and will take decisionsaccordingly. The contending bunches help to establishabalancebyintroducing contentions and assets to hold up under on different parts of publicpolicy choices. They will furnish themselves with force and impact andhave a help from the open to such an extent that they can smother any dominant part orminority gathering of personal stake who become sufficiently able to debilitate therights of others. Political gatherings contend on the playing field made bythe constitutions (national just as state) and laws. They create theirown strategies and rules dependent on the constitution and will speak to peoplefor the advancement of the country. To put it plainly, these various contending groupstry to make a stable world of politics that permits the interests ofthe everyday citizens to be introduced before the legislature. In Calhoun and John McGowan (1997), the creator asks, Is governmental issues reallynothing more than power relations, contending interests and claims forrecognition, clashing affirmations of straightforward certainties?. In any case, the politicalgroups of specific nations have demonstrated that they do offer their best forthe advancement works of their countries. Ideological groups come out withvarious strategies and plans that would annihilate neediness, as indicated by theirclaims. They attempt to persuade individuals that they can meet theirdemands and would fix their ruined urban and private life. Eventhough the facts demonstrate that belief system has wound down and character and intrigue basedpolitics have gone to the scene, ideological groups despite everything attempt to improve thepoverty-stricken condition of the impeded layers of the general public. New newpolitical parties show up into the political scene day by day and they likewise comeup with new guarantees so individ uals settle on their decision on their kindness. These ideological groups are very much aware about the way that except if theyimplement their destitution decrease arrangements, they will no longer get favourin the accompanying political race. In less developedcountriesespecially,political parties have begun going to the concerns of neediness strickenareas. In another words, in certain poor countries, political gatherings competeamong themselves in giving best arrangements to individuals so they gainthe favor of the poor lion's share who search forward for a superior governmentthat can destroy destitution from the general public (Lustig, 2000). In other words,the rivalry between the ideological groups have gotten a shelter for peoplewho expect only a superior government that can execute developm

Analysis of Langston Hughes Harlem (Dream Deferred) :: Hughes Harlem Dream Deferred Essays

Investigation of Harlem (Dream Deferred)               Langston Hughes' sonnet Dream Deferred is fundamentally about what happens to dreams when they are put on hold.  Hughes presumably proposed for the sonnet to concentrate on the fantasies of African-Americans specifically in light of the fact that he initially entitled the sonnet Harlem, which is the capital of African American life in the United States; in any case, it is similarly as simple to peruse the sonnet as being about dreams by and large and what happens when individuals delay making them come true.  Ultimately, Hughes utilizes a painstakingly masterminded arrangement of pictures that additionally work as interesting expressions to recommend that individuals ought not postpone their fantasies on the grounds that the more they delay them, the more the fantasies will change and the more outlandish they will materialize.   In the opening of the sonnet the speaker utilizes a visual picture that is likewise an analogy to contrast a fantasy conceded with a raisin.  The speaker poses the inquiry, Does it [the dream] evaporate/Like a raisin in the sun? (2-3).  Here we can see the raisin, which used to be a soggy, tight, sound looking grape, has withered to turn into a raisin.  The speaker doesn't underline the presence of the raisin, so the depiction isn't as huge as a picture all things considered as a simile.  Why contrast a fantasy conceded with a raisin?  Like a raisin, a fantasy conceded shrinks up and turns dull on the grounds that the sun has prepared it.  The accentuation on the sun is significant in light of the fact that it stresses time-we measure time by the sun's movement.  Like the raisin, the fantasy has been waiting for quite a while thus, it has changed into something altogether different than it once was.  Because they look so changed, barely any individuals would accept that raisins were once grapes except if they had been told.  Similarly, a fantasy that keeps on being delayed will experience an advancement too it won't be equivalent to the first.

Teaching Insights How to Model Effective Writing

Teaching Insights How to Model Effective Writing (0) Do you remember learning to drive? You probably didn’t learn by reading a how-to manual or listening to your parents lecture about driving. Most likely, you watched your parents operate a car while giving you step-by-step instructions. You probably learned through demonstrations and practice.   It’s the same way in education, and that’s where the strategy of modeling comes in. Modeling is when a teacher demonstrates a skill or concept, allowing students to learn by observing. It’s also one of the most powerful ways to teach writing.   Why? Because many students learn best by example, and modeling writing also encourages students to share their work and to be receptive to feedback.     Read on for suggested activities and tips that will help you make the most out of modeling.     Looking for more help for your students? Visit for resources on MLA format, APA format, and plagiarism. Dont be Shy: Write in Front of Your Students When you assign writing or teach a new component of the writing process, write your own sample paragraph or sentences on the projector.     As you write, verbalize your thought process to show students how to translate ideas into effective writing. It’s especially helpful if you can talk through any difficulties you encounter. This normalizes struggles and shows students how to overcome writer’s block and other issues.   If you’re worried that students will simply copy your writing sample, choose a topic that’s similar to what your students are writing (but not exactly the same).   However, even when students write something very similar to what you’ve written, they’re still learning how to write well. Perhaps next time, they’ll branch out and generate some new ideas of their own.   Write With Students   You can also write with your students when you assign a writing task. Often, seeing that you’re willing to do the same task you’ve assigned can motivate students.   It also increases your credibility as a writing instructor. After all, if you’re going to teach effective writing, you should also be able to write effectively.   For the same reason, it’s a great idea to write even outside of class. If you haven’t done much writing since college, it can be difficult to teach your students to be excellent writers. Continue honing your craft by writing with your studentsâ€"both inside and outside of class.     Show Students Your Writing   You probably know from experience that most students dread sharing their writing with the class. Put them at ease by sharing your own writing first.   For instance, if you write alongside your students, as suggested above, volunteer to read your work aloud when everyone is finished. You can also share what you write in your spare time or share older papers from your high school or college days.     This way, you provide students with helpful examples of quality writing, and you encourage them to be more open about sharing their own work.   Ask Students to Critique Your Writing   Many students aren’t particularly receptive to feedback on their writing. Instead of viewing your critiques as an opportunity to grow as writers, many students simply view feedback as criticism.   Sharing your writing can help students get over this fear as well. If you share high school or college papers with your students, also share some of the feedback you received and how you responded to it. If possible, show students a first draft with feedback, followed by a significantly improved final draft.   Even better, you can allow students to critique your writing. When you read a piece of writing aloud, ask for feedback from your students. You may wish to draw their attention to certain aspects.     For example, you might ask:   This sentence sounds a little awkward…any ideas how I can reword it?   I just can’t come up with a good title. Any suggestions?   What additional evidence could I add to this paragraph?   What’s a good transition I could use here?   This exercise helps students start thinking like writers, and allowing them to critique your writing makes them more receptive to your critiques of their work. Emphasize that you’re not a perfect writer either and that you want to continue growing. Feedback isn’t criticism; it’s advice that can lead to improvement.   Final Thoughts   Model effective writing by writing in front of your students and alongside them. Think aloud about the writing process, discussing your struggles and how you overcome them.     Share your work with students, even allowing them to provide feedback and constructive criticism.     Your students will start to view feedback more positively and will develop a willingness to workshop their writing and learn from others. As a result, their writing skills and their confidence will grow.     Aside from citation help, EasyBib also has free grammar guides and topic guides (on Martin Luther King Jr., Dr. Seuss and others) for your students.

Nietzsche Said Whoever Fights Monsters Should See To It

Nietzsche said Whoever fights monsters should see to it that in the process he does not become a monster. And when you look long into an abyss, the abyss also looks into you (Beyond Good and Evil, 146). Most people are convinced that they are the hero or heroine of a story, but if their motives are impure, selfish, or short sighted; they may very well turn out to be the villain. In the classic gothic novel, The Monk by Matthew Lewis in which several characters’ motives, lives, and deaths become intertwined. Ambrosio’s character proves that no person is incorruptible, while the film directed by Dominik Moll tries to add redemption to the character’s monstrous acts. In the eighteen-hundreds, when The Monk was first published it was seen as†¦show more content†¦Though neither meant to do harm, they both chose a life of sin and murder (Red Riding Hood’s â€Å"husband† ate her grandma) for a triste. While â€Å"Red† would have most likely been eaten otherwise, she still gives herself, seemingly happily, to the wolf with little thoughts of anyone else, but herself, displaying her vanity, corresponding to Ambrosio’s egotism with his audience and peers thoughts of him (Carter 110). The pious and godly man that was Ambrosio tries to make excuses for his behavior and pawns his guilt and judgement onto others. Soon every thought Ambrosio has is not that of a pious man, working for his Lord, but that of a man growing increasingly impatient for his wants; Antonia a young and innocent girl is the first on his list. Accordingly, he faults Elvira for requiring him to sneak into Antonia’s room to defile her, as Elvira has banished him from her home, for his mistreatment of her daughter, Antonia. Therefore, Dr. Jekyll and Ambrosio have very similar ideals about morality. Both seem to think that if no one perceives them as the guilty party, they are free to do as they please, while keeping their consciences clean. Ambrose uses magic to sneak around to defile Antonia secretly and Dr. Jekyll uses science to create an alternate persona to do as he wishes (Stevenson 86). Consequently, he blames Matilda for their dealings in witchcraft, deciding since she is the one wh o is doing the magic; he is blameless in theShow MoreRelatedReading Lolita s Tehr An Argumentative Essay1358 Words   |  6 Pagesavailable in order to persuade the reader to change. â€Å"... I have no choice but to appeal once again to your imagination.. â€Å"(26). Once again, the author throws the reader to a world of their own creation, showing them what exactly they want them to see. In order to change the purpose, using this appeal, it s allowing them to make sure that the reader understand what the other wants them to know. Enabling the reader s ability to imagine, Allowing themselves to place themselves in various differentRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesGenetic modification f. Right tech for wrong reasons 3. Arts/Culture a. Arts have a future in Singapore? b. Why pursue Arts? c. Arts and technology d. Uniquely Singapore: Culture 4. Environment a. Developed vs. Developing b. Should environment be saved at all costs c. Are we doing enough to save the environment? d. Main reasons for environmental problems nowadays 5. Religion a. Religion divides more than it unites b. Religion and politics c. Science and religionRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesappropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material

My Career Of Psychology Stem From My Personal Experiences...

My Career in Psychology Tabitha N. Edwards Capella University Abstract My vision and goals for my career in psychology stem from my personal experiences as an employee. Specializing in Industrial-Organizational Psychology will allow me to help others avoid the frustrations I have felt and provide them with the support and opportunities I did not have. My vision and goals concentrate on the areas of talent management, change management, coaching, and contributing original research and depend on me earning my master’s degree and then furthering my credentials with a coaching certification. Competencies revolve around theory and research and their application. My background has given me transferrable skills that can be carried into an internship or entry-level job. Effective use of networking will work in my favor in areas where my skills are lacking. My action plan involves earning my master’s degree within three years, working for a consulting firm and eventually running my own consultancy, and earning my coaching certification. Table of Contents Introduction 4 Vision and Goals 4 Competencies and Requirements 7 Action Plan 9 Conclusion 11 References 13 My Career in Psychology Introduction I have always been fascinated by how the mind works and why people behave the way they do. As a marketing professional, I have used psychology passively to persuade people to buy products or useShow MoreRelatedWhen My Parents Changed My Own Work Essay1005 Words   |  5 PagesThere were moments in my childhood when my parents tumbled short of my dreams. With the commitment to a full-time job as well as part-time jobs, neither of them had enough time to spend at home. I’ve always wondered the secret to my parents’ happiness in their workplace despite the long, irregular hours. 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Compare and Constrast Classical China and Classical India Free Essays

Though they had some different qualities, Classical China and India were very similar. The complexities of both India and China’s social hierarchy systems were very different. However their religious views and ideas were similar, and they both began to decline but were able to recover and maintain stability. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Constrast Classical China and Classical India or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both China and India used social hierarchy systems, but they were used differently. India used a very strict system called Varna, or the caste system. People only associated with people in their class. Marriage outside of your class and helping people in lower classes was absolutely forbidden. People couldn’t even eat or drink with people outside of their class. The Chinese rules of social hierarchy were very different. The Chinese believed in reciprocal respect within relationships. For example, the ruler respects the subject and the subject respects the ruler. Another major difference was the specific levels of the social ladder. The caste system of India had four basic levels: the Brahmins (priests), followed by the Kshatriyas (warriors), then the Vaishyas (work people), and finally the Shudras (peasants). All four of these castes were divided into subgroups called jati. This system was very complex and stratified and a person could not change castes. The Chinese only had three steps on their social ladder. On top was the educated bureaucrats and landowners. The peasants and the urban artisans were in the middle class and the â€Å"mean† or meaningless people were at the bottom. Priests in India were considered very powerful and they were at the top of society. The Classical Chinese emperors used a centralized religion called Confucianism and a priest class wasn’t necessary. There was other religions in China but the priests were isolated from the rest of the population. The Chinese social system was very simple and the Indian caste system was more specific. India and China used different hierarchy systems, but they had similar religious views and ideas. At this point in time Hinduism was very popular in India and the Chinese emperors stressed confucian ideas. Hinduism and Confucianism were very similar. In both religions there was no specific gods to be worshiped, but there was religious shrines. People were obedient to confucianism because it stressed respect to all people. The goal of Hinduism was to free your soul and reach moksha. In order to do so people had to follow the rules and do the right thing. Confucianism and Hinduism worked because all people benefited from them. Another major similarity of India and China was the cause and effects of the declines of their golden ages. Both India and China had strong enough civilizations to withstand the challenges they faced and not completely fall. Because of China’s strong political system and because of India’s uniform religion, both civilizations were able to recover and revive themselves. Nomadic invaders attacked both civilizations and this was a setback but strong emperors helped regain order. The strength of the political systems was also challenged. Arab invaders tried to convert India to Islam but failed because Indian religious leaders worked to strengthen HInduism. In China bureaucrats became corrupt and started fighting for power and assassinating each other. Thankfully the Sui and Tang dynasties worked to regain power and they restored Confucianism because they knew it worked in the past. India and China lost power but they were able to maintain stability. China and India had some qualities that contrast each other, but the two civilizations were very similar. Their social hierarchy systems were different, but they shared common religious views and ideas, they both suffered a decline but they were able to recover and maintain stability. How to cite Compare and Constrast Classical China and Classical India, Papers

Thrones of Ancient Maya Essay Example

Thrones of Ancient Maya Essay The article that I studied is entitled Thrones and Throne Structures in the Central Acropolis of Tikal as an Expression of the Royal Court, by Peter D. Harrison.In this article it shows that you may use the varieties of reception thrones as evidence of court function.Some other topics are on the source material for the construction of thrones and decoration (or lack of) and reasons for it. Some of the functions that were used from the throne were reception of tribute goods, reception of prisoners involving presence of military guards, reception of visiting dignitaries displaying royalty, ritual divination, and possibly even accession rituals.This wide use of thrones in Tikal was compared to other cultures royal courts, including the court of Louis XIV in France and the royal Inka court of Cuzco.The examiners found that markers of these courts all included the use of livery (clothing showing especially high rank), use of thrones, and the association of church and state. Tikals thron es are the simplest, plainest, least-decorated thrones in the lowlands of Ancient Maya.Highly decorated thrones are smaller and are thought to be less powerful than those in Tikal.We go on to find that even though this was a large city with great political influence and wealth, they seated their highest officials on the plainest of thrones.The author does remind us that even though there seems to be an apparent absence in decoration, there is a variety of form and context of Tikal thrones. It is noted that masonry-constructed benches were a Late Classic (A.D. 650-900) phenomenon in Tikal because there are no Early Classic (A.D. 292-650) examples existing in the Central Acropolis.We find that this is because the native stone to Tikal did not have high tensile strength so they used the medium of wood, which gave way for their famous intricate lintel carvings.When the benches and thrones in masonry form were finally introd

The Fire Sermon Analysis Essays

The Fire Sermon Analysis Essays The Fire Sermon Analysis Paper The Fire Sermon Analysis Paper Sofilda Totoni March 3rd, 2011 Lit 216 â€Å"The Fire Sermon† Analysis. This section, and the longest of Elliot’s â€Å"The Waste Land†, depicts poor, gloomy, lethargic scenery in which the themes of lust, sexual ambiguity, moral degradation, spiritual melancholy, abound throughout the poem. The poet himself often embodies the role of ancient and mythological figures to which he alludes in order to strike the readers infatuation. He continually reminds us that beauty, love, passions which was once food for the soul, are turned to slaves of our egoistical, materialistic, relished physical needs. The central character is the poet himself who often takes on the roles of the Fisher King and Tiresias in order to convey his message. The other characters, Actaeon and Dian replaced by Sweeney and Mr. Porter, Thames’s daughters, The clerk and the typist, Queen Elizabeth with her suitor Earl of Leicester;-all these are foil and flat characters who although taken from, and alluded to past, famous literary works, their presence and revelation is to unveil the narrator’s major themes and ideas. These characters are stereotypes or archetypes throughout the work. The scenery and images implied in the work play a major role in describing and interpreting the contextual setting of a pictorial framework. Elliot opens this section with the image of a river in late autumn, or early winter: â€Å"The River’s tent is broke; the last fingers of leaf clutch and sink into the wet bank. the nymphs are departed. Elliot cites here Spencer’s â€Å"Prothalamion† with the line: â€Å"Sweet Thames, run softly till I end my song†. He takes us to Spencer’s Thames and ‘bridal song’ that suggests celebrating life and happiness along Thames. He quickly changes scenery and contrasts this setting with the one he’s witnessing. He’s sitting by the Leman-French for Lake Geneva, where he witnesses degradation, elements of the modern world-â€Å"empty bottles, sandwich papers, cardboard boxes, cigarette ends†. Then Elliot starts weeping. His tears are reference to a passage from the Bible, Psalm 137, in which the people of Israel cry by the river as they remember Jerusalem. The image of death and urban decay is further revealed:-â€Å"a cold blast, bones rattle, and a rat creeps through vegetation /dragging its slimy belly on the bank†. The rat symbolizes grossness, filth, moral corruption of the modern world. The rat also illustrates Elliot’s spiritual world; he feels disappointed, belittled â€Å"fishing in the dull canal†, and just like the rat who creeps through trash in search for food, the poet himself is in search for food for the soul, he wants to infiltrate through the rubbish material he is presented, and find the spiritual muse for his further works. Elliot takes on the role of The Fisher King alluding to Jessie L Weston’s â€Å"From Ritual to Romance† and its description of the Grail Legend. The poet also combines the â€Å"Tempest† Shakespeare’s drama elements which are also used in earlier lines of â€Å"The Waste Land† in referral to Grail Legend. Musing upon the king my brother’s wreck/and on the king my father’s death before him. The ill, impotent King Fisher embodied by Elliot, describes the wasteland that stretches before him: -white bodies naked on the low damp ground† and bones scattered in a little dry garret/Rattled by the rat’s foot only, year to year† Once again, the rats appear again to portray a hell setting. Elliot proceeds to the allusion of John Day’s â€Å"The Parliament of Bees† that describes the tale of Actaeon and Diana accordingly referred by â€Å"Sweeney and Mrs. Porter. â€Å"The sound of horns and motors which shall bring Sweeney to Mrs. Porter in the spring† Later on he alludes to Verlaine’s Parisfal , where Parisfal resisted the seduction of Kundry which in turn as a sign of respect washed his feet paralleling with the adulteress who washed the feet of Christ to be redeemed. It is evident that throughout these lines the love motif becomes apparent and indicative of young, passionate emotions which later on turn to lust and immorality. The next four bizarre lines: Twit twit twit/jug jug jug/ So rudely forc’d Tereu; refer to describe the sound of Philomela as nightingale. Twit, twit twit –seem to recall a bird’s song. It all goes back in† A game of Chess† to the story of the woman who was violated and took her revenge. â€Å"So rudely forc’d† refers to Tereu’s violation. The moral degradation goes on as the narrator takes us to another scene and image description. The â€Å"Unreal City† takes the reader back to London. Mr Eugenides , the Smyrna merchant, carrying a pack of of forbidden mysteries, invites the narrator to luncheon at Cannon Street hotel and a weekend at the Metropole. The narrator then takes on the role of Tiresias, the â€Å"Old man with wrinkled female breasts†. Elliot does it again. He evives, recasts once again mythology as a modern aspect to compare cheap sexual encounters with the pure and noble young love. Tiresias, the blind prophet, ironically sits back and watches the young clerk and typist indulge in sex and lust, looking beyond the potential romance that any relationship carries. â€Å"Endeavors to engage her in caresses †¦flushed and decided , he assaulted at once; Exploring hands encounter no defence; After the passionate sex has been consummated, the young man departs as a stranger creeping up in darkness â€Å"gropes his way, finding the stairs unlit†. The young woman barely notices his departures, showing a gesture of indifference â€Å"Well now that’s done: and I’m glad it’s over†-she feels alone, empty in vague, and lost in confusion-â€Å" Paces about her room again, alone/smoothes her hair with automatic hand, And puts a record on the gramophone† The musicality of the poem takes the poet and the reader to quiet, peaceful and relaxing places:-a public bar in Lower Thames/The pleasant whining of a mandolin/Where fishermen longue at noon/the walls of Magnus Martyr hold inexplicable splendor of Ionian white and gold† The splendor serenity is disrupted by the lamented song of Thames three daughters †Weilalala leia-Wallala leialala†. The poet here takes the theme and the story from Spencer’s Gotterdammerung â€Å"The Rhine daughters†. The three daughters sing and weep about their mournful love stories and betrayals. One of them recalls the promises her lover made â€Å" He wept. He promised â€Å"a new start†. She scornfully recalls and regrets those times with deep shame and embarrassment:- â€Å"I can connect nothing with nothing. The broken fingernails of dirty hands†. Among the Rhine’s daughter’s tragic stories, Elliot recalls and brings back Queen Elizabeth’s and Earl of Leicester relationship which although in reality characterized by a pure and noble-natured relationship, in the poem is depicted as heroic and passionate, thus following the trend of contemporary life. The author again alludes to past authoritative figures by means of irony and parody to whip the social occurrences and trends that ruin such purity and nobility. The poem ends with the references to St Augustine’s Confessions and Buddha’s Fire Sermon which represent the western and eastern asceticism. Just as the title of this section of poem suggests, Buddha warned against surrender to the senses which are â€Å"on fire†. When the disciple becomes purged of passion , he becomes free†-Through metaphor, symbolism, and allusion the sermon thus serves as a lesson preached and delivered to the reader with a strong message: â€Å"Do not surrender to the dangers of youthful lust† Elliot’s style, language and form makes him the father of modernism. His use of irony, satire, dramatic monologues, language slangs and shifts to foreign phrases; the quotations and citations to mythology, Old Testament, historical figures; the intensive notes which are deep and obscure, the musical tones that penetrate the poem;-these and other artistic elements give the poem a disjointed nature but unique at the same time. Citations and References: Elliot’s footnotes Eliot, T. S. (1963). Collected Poems, 1909-1962. New York: Harcourt, Brace World Gish, Nancy (1988). The Waste Land: A Students Companion to the Poem. Boston: The sixth edition of The Norton Anthrology of English Literature. Jennifer Sorensen Emery-Peck â€Å"Tom and Vivien Eliot Do Narrative in Different Voices: Mixing Genres in The Waste Land’s Pub

Free Enterprise and the Role of Government in America

Free Enterprise and the Role of Government in America Americans often disagree about the appropriate role of government in the economy. This is demonstrated by the sometimes inconsistent approach to regulatory policy throughout American history. As  Christoper Conte and Albert Karr point out in their volume, Outline of the U.S. Economy, the American commitment to free markets continually endured since the dawn of the 21-century, even as  Americas capitalist  economy  remained a work in progress. History of Large Government The American belief in free enterprise does not and has not precluded a major role for government. Many times, Americans have depended on the government to break up or regulate companies that appeared to be developing so much power that they could defy market forces. In general, government grew larger and intervened more aggressively in the economy from the 1930s until the 1970s.   Citizens rely on the government to address matters the private economy overlooks in sectors ranging from education to protecting the environment. Despite their advocacy of market principles, Americans have used government at times in history to nurture new industries or even to protect American companies from competition. Shift Towards Less Government Intervention But economic hardships in the 1960s and 1970s left Americans skeptical about the ability of government to address many social and economic issues. Major social programs (including Social Security and Medicare, which, respectively, provide retirement income and health insurance for the elderly) survived this period of reconsideration. But the overall growth of the federal government slowed in the 1980s. A Flexible Service Economy The pragmatism and flexibility of Americans have resulted in an unusually dynamic economy. Change has been a constant in American economic history. As a result, the once agrarian country is far more urban today than it was 100, or even 50, years ago. Services have become increasingly important relative to traditional manufacturing. In some industries, mass production has given way to more specialized production that emphasizes product diversity and customization. Large corporations have merged, split up and reorganized in numerous ways. New industries and companies that did not exist at the midpoint of the 20th-century now play a major role in the nations economic life. Employers are becoming less paternalistic, and employees are expected to be more self-reliant. Increasingly, government and business leaders emphasize the importance of developing a highly skilled and flexible workforce in order to ensure the countrys future economic success.

Comparison of economic efficiency of the model of perfect competition Essay

Comparison of economic efficiency of the model of perfect competition with that of monopoly markets - Essay Example Moreover, their ability to exploit economies of scale also allows them to sell their products at very low prices which are often less than the cost price of other sellers, thus allowing the larger companies to easily drive them out of the business3. However, monopoly seller, as mentioned earlier, is highly likely not to satisfy the complete demand for its product so that it could charge a premium price. Therefore, the monopoly seller fails to take the full advantage of economies of scale, unlike many firms in monopolistic, perfectly competitive and oligopolistic markets4. Other than technical, allocative and productive inefficiencies, monopolies are also likely to be X-inefficient. American Economist Liebenstein argued that regardless of the level of production, monopolies are always X-inefficient because of the absence of competitive pressures5. Therefore, there costs of production are always higher than it would be within perfectly competitive on even monopolistic markets. The same is true because monopolies sellers are most likely to own technologies, assets, and machines that are not operating at their fullest or which are not needed. Furthermore, they are also likely to overpay people, thus leading to cost inefficiencies6. In presence of competition, firms spend great deal of time and energy over ensuring that they decrease their costs to utmost possible. Consider the example of the US airline industry where strong competitive pressures have forced companies to seek more cost effective pressure. Competition forced Southwest Airlines to create a new business model aimed at cost effectiveness where the company flies its aircrafts for more than 11 hours a day, uses same aircrafts for reducing maintenance and training costs, flies short haul, uses dynamic...This paper is an attempt to explore the economic efficiency outcomes of monopoly markets with that of perfect competition markets. Furthermore, the paper would also attempt to present a possible government policy to improve efficiency within the markets. The focus of policymakers should be at creating policies and programs that facilitate competition within various markets, especially within monopolies markets. However, policymakers should draw a line for their intervention. Even in the worst times, direct government intervention or control is not a viable long-term option for creating efficiency because not only it is inefficient but ineffective. The only policy that governments should pursue is to ensure that monopolistic and oligopolistic markets could move towards a perfectly competitive market. Interestingly, in many cases, it is the existing government policy and structure, which creates the costs and hurdles for new entrants to enter into the market. Therefore, governments all over the world should try to follow the economic models of countries like Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand and Switzerland where the government intervention within the markets is minimal. Furthermore, the cost of starting up a business, running the business and winding up the business are also much lesser than the rest of the world. The focus should be on reducing the excessive costs and time required to start, operate and wind up a business, opening up borders to other companies, facilitating free trade and research and development.

Project Financial Risk Management followed in IT industry enhances the Research Paper

Project Financial Risk Management followed in IT industry enhances the success rates of Projects delivered - Research Paper Example Financial Risk Management in IT Introduction Risks management is in many ways the process of identification, assessment and prioritization of risks, which is then followed by the coordination of all economic resources necessary for the elimination or minimization, monitoring, and control of the probable impacts of uncertain events. It has been found that, risk can come from uncertainties in financial markets, legal liabilities, project failures, accidents, credit risks (Macomber 2003, p. 2). Studies indicate that, there are various project management standards, which have been under development in the project management institute, actuarial societies, ISO standards, and the national institute of standards and technology (Hodgson 2003, p.1). The approaches and objectives of hazard supervision vary greatly dependent on the hazard administration technique applied in the setting of a scheme administration.. In other studies however, hazard administration includes the ranking of the essen tial developments; hazards with the extreme loss are handled first and then the other hazard are handled in a descendent mode in order of precedence. It is pointed out that intangible management usually identifies new types of risks that have about a hundred percent probability but the management ignores because most organizations lack identification capabilities to handle such cases (King 2003, p. 2). It is recorded that relationship risk emanate when inefficient ways of collaboration is experienced. This type of hazard is known to reduce the efficiency of information workforces, effectiveness, service, excellence, product value, and excellence of earnings at the end. Thus, risk management is a subject or process that needs all manner of care to be successful. Literature review From organizational perspective, risks arise most often when businesses pursue opportunities in face of uncertainties, while being compelled by capabilities and cost. In most cases, a challenge comes when it comes to the process of finding a position based on the two dimensions, as it represents in essence itself a risk profile that may be appropriate for the initiative; acceptable to both internal and external stakeholders of the business in question. Studies affirm that, hazard and hazard administration are premeditated in nature. Regarding, information and technology studies show that, software projects have been recognized to be high-risk ventures, which are prone to many failures. Some studies argue that there are mainly two classes of risks; generic risks that are common to all projects, and project specific risks. In many cases, some of these hazards are easy to recognize and regulate or accomplish. However, in some cases, other risks are less obvious and thus very difficult to make predictions on their likelihood to occur and the impact they may cause at that time (Levine 2004, p. 32). The complication and difficulty in predictions comes because of numerous project proportions; structure, size, complexity, composition, novelty, long planning, and execution horizons. All these have a common influence on the modest of the scheme at the end; hus, any indeterminate discrepancy in this has fiscal implications. Therefore, risk management in information technology, especially software

James Fenimore Cooper :: essays research papers

James Fenimore Cooper was born in Burlington, New Jersey on September 15, 1789. He was the eleventh of twelve children born to William and Elizabeth Cooper. When James was one year old the family moved to the frontier, and his father established the settlement of Cooperstown at the head of Susquehanna River. 	Cooper attended a private preparatory school at Albany, New York, and was then admitted to Yale in 1803. He was expelled from there during his junior year because of a silly prank. His family allowed him to join the navy as a midshipman, but he soon found that more discipline was present in the Navy than at Yale. In 1810 Cooper took a furlough, and never returned to active duty. 	After Cooper's father passed in 1809, he received a nice inheritance. Cooper quickly squandered his inheritance, and at thirty was on the verge of bankruptcy. He decided to try his hand at writing as a career. Carefully modeling his work after Sir Walter Scott's successful Waverly Novels, he wrote his first novel in 1820 called Precaution. A domestic comedy set in England, lost money, but Cooper had discovered his vocation. 	Cooper established his reputation after his second novel, The Spy, and in his third book, the autobiographical Pioneers (1823), Cooper introduced the character of Natty Bumppo, a uniquely American personification of rugged individualism and the pioneer spirit. A second book featuring Bumppo, The Last of the Mohicans written in 1826, quickly became the most widely read work of the day, solidifying Cooper's popularity in the U.S. and in Europe. Set during the French and Indian War, The Last of the Mohicans chronicles the massacre of the colonial garrison at Fort William Henry and a fictional kidnapping of two pioneer sisters. Cooper knew few Indians, so he drew on a Moravian missionary's account of two opposing tribes; the Delawares and the "Mingos." Although this characterization was filled with inaccuracies, the dual image of the opposing tribes allowed Cooper to create a lasting image of the Indian that became a part of the American consciousness for almost two cen turies. His public was simultaneously touched romantically at the doomed Indians' fate and justified in abetting their extermination. The hero of the novel, Natty Bumppo, was incredibly popular, a rebel heroically opposed to industrial society, he was a hero who never married or changed his ideals. 	Cooper was a prolific writer, publishing 32 novels, 12 works of nonfiction, a play and numerous pamphlets and articles.

Neuromarketing: A Brave New World of Consumerism

Introduction t this point in our social history we are experiencing trends in marketing and consumerism that no cultural phenomena in antiquity has prepared us for. Each day between the hours of waking and sleeping we are exposed to 3000 – 5000 marketing messages across every shape and flavor of media mankind has been able to devise In good conscience (Story 2007). Every niche, of every segment, of every market, for every product, has a multitude of competitors vying for space of mind, seeking to differentiate, remind, inform, or persuade themselves into our lives and shopping trellises (Copley 2004).This clutter, consternation, and competition has taken the humble consumer transaction to be something more akin to game theory, and contemporary marketing strategy has become a battle of minds and wills (Lee, Frederick, and Chamberlain 2007). Each new generation of consumer finds themselves delivered deeper Into an environment of Increasing media and message saturation.But, with every generational cycle a further sophistication In the adaptive discretionary filtering system is created in order for these individuals to preserve some degree of highly guarded ‘psychic space', and as such ‘marketing professionals re keenly aware of the obstacles posed by both information-processing limitations and viewer opposition' (Rumba 2002). ‘The multiplicity of advertising messages to which each consumer is exposed dictates that advertisers place a lofty premium on the much-coveted psychic space of their Intended message recipients.Moreover, marketers Increasingly find themselves trying to reach target audiences who have an arsenal of cognitive, behavioral, and mechanical strategies for ad avoidance at their disposal' (Speck and Elliott 1997). Further adding to this already encumbered media/ immunization sphere is also the weight and complexity of the postmodern condition in which Goldman (1992) speaks of ‘relentless scrambling of signified and sig nifier, mixing and matching meanings' and Brown (1995) goes on to highlight ‘practices such as fragmentation, De-deliberation, hypnotherapy, chronology, pastiche, pluralism and anta-functionalism'.This escalating complexity of exchange devised for increasingly more sophisticated and media salt-Ð’Â »,' consumers attempts to side-step any ‘predictability of antiquated advertising conventions that could no longer pass through the filters of seasoned postmodern nonusers' (Goldman and Passion 1994).What remains is the perfect storm of social complexity, ever-changing message filtering, and big-business ‘sign wars' which has left some marketers believing that turning to the dark arts Is the only way to get ahead in marketing communications, with notably one energy drink brand literally and comically commissioning a Haitian priestess to channel a foul-mouthed voodoo deem-god to help design their advertising campaign (Panamas 2010). Enter stage left – marketing' s. Thin such a relatively young field of inquiry the precise definition of marketing's s still finding its footing with conflicting definitions still being proposed and utilized by divergent agents within the realm (Fisher 2010). Perpetuating this conflict is the notion that academia and industry share limited cohesion in exploring this field, that private enterprises do not tend to publish findings or share proprietary information, and that more has been published about marketing's across the popular media, relative to the traditional tome of recognized peer-reviewed publications (Fisher 2010).In spite of this, Lee (2007) proposes that ‘marketing's as a field of study an simply be defined as the application of neuroscience methods to analyses and understand human behavior in relation to markets and marketing exchanges' and Fisher (2010) notes that marketing's ‘can be tentatively defined as marketing designed on the basis of neuroscience research'. These proposed definit ions avoid the subjective bias embraced by some proponents and detractors and are a suitable explanation of the topic for the purposes of this discussion.As brain sciences increasingly inform our daily lives, social practices, and intellectual discourses, ornamenting has become one of a collection of developing fields to gain the ‘neuron' prefix along with neuroscience, neurasthenics, neuropathology, and neurotically – these fields now collectively earning the moniker ‘neuromuscular', ‘and the brain-based explanations arising from it are progressively influencing public notions of personal identity, responsibility, and causation' (Fisher 2010).Why Marketing's? He most acute advantage thought to stem from the utilization of neuroscience in examining an individual's response to market based inquiries is its unfiltered objectivity and unbiased honesty. Typically the self-assessment measures commonly used in marketing research rely totally on the ability and wil lingness of the respondent to accurately report their attitudes and/or prior behaviors' (Petty and Caption 1983).However, it is believed that the brain approximately expends only 2 percent of its energy on conscious activity with the remaining majority devoted to unconscious thought and processes, thus, neurotransmitters believe, traditional market research methods ? like consumer surveys and focus groups ? are inherently inaccurate because the participants can never articulate the unconscious impressions that whet their appetites for certain products' (Singer 2010).In addition to this intrinsic inability for an individual to access all relevant perceptual data, this error factor cumulatively adds to any conscious or even unrecognized desire the respondent may have to please or deceive the information gathering unit, even further exaggerating the potential for inaccurate measurements. In contrast, physiological responses can be collected when respondents are actively partaking in re search activities and are difficult for subjects to control, although not difficult to affect (Petty and Caption 1983).In many ways marketing's is the lie detector of the marketing industry, but the potential application is much greater than simply extracting truthful responses, it may prove instrumental in uncovering the processes and transparent way than marketers have previously had access to. The benefits of marketing's are obvious when framed in the above context. This field creates the possibility for marketers to understand consumers to an extent that a myriad of techniques over many decades of investigation have only ever been able to scratch at the door of.Felt (2007) believes that, assuming the science can be translated into meaningful technology the power and the precision of the retrieved data as a management tool could prove sublime, it would finally enable marketers to reach out and pinprick consumers without using broad strokes'. â€Å"In fact, exploring exactly what elements of an advertisement are critical to awareness, attitudes and evaluations of products, and whether these differ for different groups, should reduce firms' reliance on the ‘blunt instruments' of blanket coverage, shock tactics, or sexual imagery' (Lee 2007).The Marketing's Mix he research generated by any given marketing's firm is of course a product article and as such marketing mix considerations are a requirement of presenting to the market, however, the more significant discussion is the current and conceivable application of this technology to play a major role in guiding and optimizing each of the up's of the marketing mix for utilities. Them Noble, Managing Director of ‘Neurotics' a major player in the burgeoning marketing's industry, has stated that ‘all the biggest brands are using it†¦ But most of them are keeping it to themselves†¦ Even so, marketing's has become a key part of today's marketing ix' (Fagan 2011). The technology is believ ed to be equally applicable to each of the seven aspects of the mix provided a suitable interpretation model is utilized to rationalist the raw data. The up's the literature most commonly discourses are reviewed below. Product Typically product designers refer to consciously generated studies of consumer preferences to inform the process, in such inquiries subjects are likely to be influenced by ‘normative expectations and social influences' (Figurate 2007).For example, survey research typically reports that women find wrestler-turned-action ere ‘The Rock unattractive ‘but their brain activity says otherwise: areas associated with attractiveness light up when women watch him on screen' (Singer, 2004). Bruit (2004) mentions that some tests conducted for Demolisher's showed that certain products can activate the self-reward centre of the brain which is the same region that natural stimulants such as sex, chocolate, and cocaine trigger, this action is aroused by the r elease of the molecule dopamine and releases endogenous opiates – substances linked to lust and pleasure'.Whilst this trigger is not a guarantee of arches, all other things being equal – designs that create pleasure are far more likely to be purchased than those that do not (Figurate 2007). Price Lee (2007) states that ‘pricing seems to lend itself almost perfectly to normalizing research' and believes that age old questions like why â€Å"prices such as ‘$4. 99' are perceived as significantly cheaper than those such as ‘$5. 00† could be answered by simultaneously exploring the temporal and spatial nature of brain activity.Through utilizing this technology marketers can not only underpin optimal pricing strategies but also understand how and why pricing perceptions are formed. Place customers to seeing, hearing, feeling, touching, tasting, and smelling stimuli, stores may be able to customize environments to enhance the consumer experience, or weight the chances of a sale. ‘For example, if normalizing data suggest a positive response to the touching of Jewelry, the consumer may experience a personalized discount prominently displayed in their sightline in order to provide encouragement for purchase' (Wilson 2008).Promotion Measurement of advertising messages and their success in provoking emotional responses can be gauged, and assumptions can be made about the subject's unconscious thought patterns depending on which areas of the brain ‘light' up (Figurate 2007). The reaction an agency wishes to evoke with a given advertisement e. G. Excitement, passion, hostility, humor, attention, etc. ; can be transposed to the brain map where these concepts are processed. If that brain area is unaffected after exposure to the advertising stimulus, it is obvious that the advertisement has failed this crucial test' (Figurate 2007) Schafer (2005) also states that ‘neural scanning might be able to predict the strength of advertising recall for specific advertisements'. The History he earliest reported use of the term marketing's first appeared in a press release in July 2002 by Atlanta based advertising agency ‘Birthrights' announcing the creation of a new business division which utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fem.) for purposes of marketing research (Wilson 2008; Fisher 2010).However, the Economist (Inside the Mind of the Consumer 2004) duly notes that Harvard Professor-Emeritus Gerald Coalman filed a patent for ‘normalizing as a marketing tool' in the late sass's approximately four years prior to Brightness's suspicious press release. In spite of this, some observers consider this technology to be part of a continuum that has been ongoing for much longer. â€Å"Marketing's is simply the latest incarnation, says Joseph Throw, a professor of communication at the Ennobler School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania. There has always been a holy grail in a dvertising to try to reach people in a hypodermic way,' he says† (Singer 2010). Educated observers also make note that Journalist and social critic Vance Packard (1957) wrote ‘The Hidden Persuaders' more than 50 years ago which is still considered to be a seminal work, which outlines how advertisers play(deed) on people's unconscious desires in an attempt to influence them. Run for our Lives? Neatly probing consumers for answers to every fear, desire, motivation, and preference in underpants color has begun to beg the question in some quarters, should we love this or fear it? It appears from the outset that this technology has been spawning controversy; however, some of this contention seems not to be entirely new in nature but the amplification and reinvigoration of well disputed ground, freshly driven by this new and acute mechanism.The contention largely remains in determining whether using such technology to understand the desires of consumers will be useful for serv ing them, or used for manipulating them, in short, is actions of a great many organizations and individuals, the main objective of marketing is to help match products with people (Rarely 2010; Kettle, Keller, and Burton 2009). ‘Marketing serves the dual goals of guiding the design and presentation of products such that they are more compatible with consumer preferences and facilitating the choice process for the consumer' (Rarely 2010).Marketing as ethical or unethical in practice is a purely a determination to be made on a case by case basis, not generalized in overarching sweeps. Rallies (1999) surmises that the organizational factors contributing to principled business undertakings or in fact impeding a unified ethical framework are moral reasoning, organizational ethical climate, level of economic development, and cultural dimensions, Murphy (2005) suggests on an individualistic level that indicative qualities can be determined from virtue and character ethics utilizing me asurements of the five core virtues of – integrity, fairness, trust, respect and empathy.In comprehension, understanding the afore is to recognize that marketing's (like most industries,) exists within a context of moral heterogeneity and the concerns that exist toward the frayed edge of the ethical fabric, underpin a movement of anxiety toward the potentiality of neuron-techniques to probe the subconscious mind, and the conceivability of these vehicles to unduly influence consumers, turning them into shopping robots without their knowledge and consent' (Singer 2010).Singer (2010) states that â€Å"marketing's is setting off alarm bells among some consumer advocates, who call it ‘brainwashing ? an amalgam of branding and brainwashing†. ‘Our contention is that neuroscience findings and methods hold the potential for marketing practices that threaten consumers' abilities to follow preferences and dictates according to free will' (Greene 2003).The controversy and paranoia surrounding a field that is yet to be evidenced or indicted of unethical practice is so potent that Senior and Senior (2008) have felt compelled to draft ‘A Manifesto for Marketing's Science' to guide the ethical functioning of practitioners, quell some f the fears of alarmists, and address potential dilemmas arising on this new frontier.The Advertising Research Foundation has also seen fit to undertake a collaborative study with the major operators in the marketing's industry to establish and implement the ‘Northeastwards Initiatives' agenda and determine ethical working canons for the field (ARP Announces Groundbreaking Northeastwards Study 2010). In addition to this above, the exploratory academic discipline of neurotics has continued to grow in unison with the developments in neuroscience research and neuromuscular, informing it all the while.Irrespective of the development in ethical governance, detractors warn that we do not have a current legal and so cial structure equipped to address technologies that are intentionally designed for subconscious persuasion. Singer (2010) states that ‘if the advertising is now purposely designed to bypass those rational defenses, then the traditional legal defenses protecting advertising speech in the marketplace have to be questioned'.We are also warned that many legally and morally ambiguous issues will arise with the increase in marketing's usage such as Who ultimately owns brain scans, whether scans can e sold to other persons or institutions, and what happens to extraneous information, such as health problems, revealed by the scans' (Wilson 2008). The array positron emission tomography (PET), magnetoencephalography (MEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fem.), electroencephalography (EGG) galvanic skin response (USSR), eye tracking technology, electrocardiography, and electromyography (Figurate 2007; Lee 2007).It is noted that any corporeal measurements gained through the use of these instruments are strictly limited by the skill the interpreter has in correlating bio-readings to mental/emotional states, and therefore into actionable ATA. There has been some research to show that imagery favored in traditional research preference tests are often not the ones that stimulate the emotional centers of the brain (Uncommon 2007), according to People (quoted in Harris 2006) however, emotion is one of the major keys to all marketing and by monitoring brain activity we can get very good indication of when an emotional connection has been made.Unfortunately, these results can only reveal activation correlated with particular imagery but cannot predict outcomes with certainty, and it does in fact highlight the actuality that there is ‘no direct link between arousal and behavior; no measure of purchase intent' (Figurate 2007). According to James (2004) the only time a human being cannot help acting on arousal is as a toddler'.Some critics throughout the literatu re have argued for the existence of a ‘buy button' in the brain, the above suggests that there could be no overriding of an individual's cognitive control and ‘current evidence suggests that the cognitive processes associated with purchase decisions are multi factorial and cannot be reduced to a single area of activation' (Rarely 2010). In the face of decries and skeptics Joey and Kilts Remain, Brightness's CEO and founder claim that rather than forecasting the shopping behavior of individuals, marketing's will help develop an understanding of how people develop preferences. Our goal is to change company, not consumer, behavior,† says Remain. He adds that this philosophy could improve advertising ethics. â€Å"What if you could, for example, show a company that their moral and ethical behavior has a bigger influence on consumer preference than the color of their packaging or current tag line? â€Å"‘ (Singer 2010). New Scientist magazine conducted a est. of marketing's to choose the ‘most attention getting cover for its 5th August 2010 issue.Nineteen readers of the magazine were shown three alternative covers during EGG tests from which one was ultimately selected. The ultimate result of this experiment and the ensuing cover choice, was a 12% increase in sales year-on-year and the second highest selling issue of the year which the deputy editor Graham Layton claimed was â€Å"unheard of in August† (Tartan 2010). Outside of this, virtually no other results have been published either confirming or condemning the predictive ability of marketing's in the marketplace.However, the one strong virtuous indicator that does exist, is the very fact that a multitude of global companies such as Google, CBS, Frito-Lay, Demolisher's, Brown-Foreman, General Motors, American Express, Campbell Soup, MAT, Disney Media, Heresy's, Millimeters, Colgate- Palmolive, NBC, ESP., and Turner Broadcasting are utilizing this technology as a regular co mponent of their own brand research efforts (ARP Announces Groundbreaking Northeastwards Study 2010; Rarely 2010; Figurate 2007; Bruit 2004). E detractors of marketing's see a dyspepsia future ahead, they envisage a world here we all become little more than purchase-making drones, slaves to big business recklessly pushing away at ‘buy buttons' in our brains to move their wares and their stock prices. Valid concerns have been raised from some quarters citing the potential for the increase of ‘marketing-related diseases' such as obesity, heart disease, and similarly related health issues (Fisher 2010).What we understand from the above however, is that marketing's cannot now or any currently conceivable point in the future, have any ability to override an individual's cognitive control. Marketing's may help to design a more attractive car but will never have the ability to make a man sell his children to purchase it. Even with the limitations of the technology, neurotransmi tters and researchers alike are currently exploring the ethical parameters of the field in order to create a unified framework for operation and quell concerns that vocal outliers currently raise.The primary purpose of this technology, as is the purpose of all marketing research, is to better understand the needs and wants of consumers, the biggest problem with traditional research is the intimidation by a participant's own cognitive bias, or as advertising legend David Googol once said: â€Å"The trouble with market research is that people don't think how they feel, they don't say what they think and they don't do what they say' (quoted in Scar 2011).

Malaysian Court System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2480 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Review Level High school Did you like this example? Task 1a)There are three courts with different jurisdiction within what is known as the Superior Court. They are the Federal Court; i.e. the highest court in the land, the Appeal Court, the High Court of Malaya and the High Court of Sabah and Sarawak. Each is head by a federal judge called Chief of Justice of the Federal Court, President of the Appeal Court, and Chief Judge of the High Courts of Malaya and Sabah and Sarawak. The subordinate court comprises the Session Court and the Magistrate Court. In the Peninsular, there is also the Penghulus Court but the latter is increasingly less used. In Malaysia, they are presently 60 Court Judges, 52 in the Peninsular and 4 each in the states of Sabah and Sarawak. At level, there are 151 Magistrate. Of that numbers, 122 for the Peninsular, 10 Sabah, 1 Federal territory of Labuan and 18 only 118 were filled in the Peninsular, 7 in Sabah and 12 in Sarawak.In addition to the above, there are also several tribunals or such as the Industrial Court, Labour Court, the Mining Court, Courts Martial, and the Special Court, each dealing with specific matters already mentioned very briefly.At the state level, there are several courts; Syariah Court that is further sub-divided into Syariah Court of Appeal, Syariah High Court and Syariah Lower Court, and in the states of Sabah and Sarawak, the Adat (Native) Court.Superior courtFederal CourtThe Federal Court is the highest court in Malaysia. The Federal Court may hear appeals of civil decisions of the Court of Appeal where the Federal Court grants leave to do so. The Federal Court also hears criminal appeals from the Court of Appeal, but only in respect of matters heard by the High Court in its original jurisdiction (i.e. where the case has not been appealed from the Subordinate Courts).Court of AppealThe Court ofAppeal generally hears all civilin his warrant, which can be punished with a fine not exceeding RM50.b)Thecourt in Malaysia that are empowere d to hear appeal cases are the Court of Appeal which headby the President of the Court of Appeal.Itcomprises 10 other judges, excluding the president.The Court of Appeal was constituted from the Federal Court which was abolished when the Supreme Court was formed in 1985. It resurfaced again 1995, the Supreme Court was Federal Court and the Court of Appeal as in pre- 1985 period. The appointments of members of the Court of Appeal are made by the King upon the of Prime minister who is constitutionally required to consult the Chief justice and the President of the Court of Appeal. They shall hold office until reaching the age of 65.TASK 2a)In Malaysia, parties in a civil dispute are advised to settle their disputes outside the court room. This resolution called as alternative dispute resolution (ADR). ADR being introduced to provide an alternative settlement outside an open court which is private and less time-consuming while giving the opportunity to the parties in dispute to d ecide on their terms of settlement and to reduce backlog of cases in the courts. This resolution consist in four forms i.e. negotiation, mediation, conciliation and arbitration. By the way, in Malaysia all these alternative dispute resolution do not being apply towards the criminal proceedings as practised in many countries.One of the more ignored aspects of employment law is tribunal procedure. To this neglected area the Coalition Government has brought in a host of reforms to address what is regarded as an economic imperative. This commentary considers the employment law reforms contained in the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act Part 2.Coming at the mid-way point in the Coalitions planned reforms which are scheduled to be fully introduced as of 2015, this legislative overhaul of employment tribunal procedure has been linked to efforts to improve the countrys economy. Government reports published leading up to the passage of the legislation offer guidance to the new frame work. The package contains a negative and singular view of employment litigation. The Act and Regulations may assist employers, but more remarkable is the Governments ambivalence regarding rights. These reforms put into question access to redress for potential infringements of employment rights and emphasise the use of law as a tool for economic stimulation rather than a source of rights protection.This commentary first briefly situates the package within a continuum of procedural changes and then outlines the long-standing discussion regarding Employment Tribunal reform. The next segment delves into the reforms by considering three provisions which are: the requirement for claimants to report their claims to Acas first; fees for launching claims; and settlement offers. This discussion is interspersed with references to Government documents anticipating the changes. Based on these foregoing sections, the final portion of this commentary investigates instructive themes emergin g from the current reforms package. The Coalitions plans are of particular importance to small-to-medium-sized (SME) and microbusinesses. The emphasis of employment regulation is being shifted to that of an easy-to-use format accessible to those entirely unfamiliar with these regulations. Together this package suggests fundamental change in employment law: a retrenchment of the parameters for access to redress which has the potential to limit the enforcement of recognised employment rights, especially when determined by their impact on business.(Nuraisyah Chua Abdullah (2013), Questions Answes on MALAYSIAN COURTS, STATUTES, CASES CONTRACT, TORT AND CRIMINAL LAW. International Law Malaysia . page 48)(Industrial Law Journal, retrieved from https://ilj.oxfordjournals.org/content/42/4/409 full accessed on 23 Decembercenario given is mediation. This is because by using mediation the parties that involved would either reach a settlement according to the proposals of the mediator o r the case will be brought to the court. Other than that, the types of disputes that is suitable for mediation are family disputes and business or trade disputes. As the scenario given was involving the employer and the employee so that the mediation will be suit to handle the case given. (Nuraisyah Chua Abdullah (2013), Questions Answes on MALAYSIAN COURTS, STATUTES, CASES CONTRACT, TORT AND Law Book Services. Selangor : Malaysia . page 48-49)TASK 3a)Liability in law is an obligation of one party to another, usually to financially. It is a fundamental aspect of tort law, although liability may also arise from duties entered into by a special agreement as in a contract or in the carrying out of a fiduciary duty. The affixing of liability may once have been simply a peace-preserving alternative to the practice of an injured party taking vengeance. Based on the Law Dictionary, personal liability describes a personal wrong to a person such as an assault or the wrong resulting in damage of personals feeling. the laws emphasis has long been that one who is able to pay (who, in modern terms has deep pockets ) should pay one who has lost something through an action of the payer, even if that action was blameless. Under the principle vicarious liability, an employer may be jointly and severally liable with his employee for torts committed by the latter. Based on the Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, vicarious liability, which is common in some areas of the law, refers to legal responsibility for the actions of another. Some of the rationales of the concept of vicarious liability are such follows :i.The employer must have been negligent in employing a negligent servant or) failing to control his servant.ii.Since the employer benefits from the employees work, he should also bear the responsibility for damage caused by his employee.iii.The employer has the greater fund to pay damages to the injured party than the employee.iv.Usually the employer is not an individual, but an enterprise or undertaking, therefore, they can spread the loss. Moreover, they also have insurance coverage.However, if thee tort is committed by an independent contractor rather than bya n employee, the person who engages the independent contacrtor would not be liable for the tort committed by the latter. By the way, it can be argued that liability for the wrongs of independent contractors do exist on the grounds that he failed in his duty to ensure that competent conractor was employed and also where the operation is of a particularly dangerous nature a in the case of Honeywill Stein v Larkin Bros [1934] 1 KB 191.Strict criminal liability is often confused with vicarious liability, with which Thus, if A, Bs employee, knowingly serves liquor to a minor, and B is held liable, B is vicariously liable, but not strictly liable, since someone for whom he is held responsible acted with mensrea. If, however, A did not know his customer was a minor, and is never theless held liable, A is strictly liable. And if B is held liable as well, he is now vicariously and strictly liable. Many of the early cases understood to impose strict liability actually involved vicarious liability. Normally a defendant is not liable unless he does something wrong. There is one exception to this general rule where a defendant will be liable even though he violated no duty and did nothing wrong. This exception is sometimes called strict liability or absolute liability. (Nuraisyah Chua Abdullah (2013), Questions Answes on CRIMINAL LAW. International Law Book Services. Selangor : Malaysia . page 163-165)( Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, retrieved encyclopedia.com/topic/Strict_Liability.aspx accessed on 23rd December 2014)( Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, retrieved from https://www encyclopedia.com/topic/Vicarious_Liability.aspxaccessed on 23rd December 2014)( Principles of Liability and Personality, retrieved from https://www lawteacher.net/free-law- dissertations/principles-of-liability-and-personality.php accessed on 23rd December 2014)b)Legal obligation of one party to a victim as a resultof a civil wrong or injury This action requires some form of remedy from court system. A tort liability arises because of a combination of directly violating a persons right and the transgression of a public oblication causing damage or a private wrong doing. evidence must be evaluated in a court hearing to identify who the tortfeasor/ liable party is in the case.base on www.lawdictionary.com/defination/tort liability.html Task 4a) Define the term contract1)Defined terms and definitions are used toarchitecture, a negative correlation was identified in respect of several variables, such as firm size, share of value added and productivity (value added per employee). Conversely, the correlation between RAs and sectoral performance across key indicators was positive in professions such as engineering (employment, turnover and value added ) and within specialised construction activities (no. of employees employment, turnover and value added). While this finding is the opposite of what might be expected, there may be other unidentified variables that influence sectoral performance in the countries within scope. The rank correlation and regression analysis found that the exclusive reserve of icant at conventional confidence levelsactivities within engineering, architecture and building services may lower productivity compared with EU countries in which the same professions do not have specific qualifications requirements. Based on https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/legal_systems method of resolving disputes other than by litigation. Abbreviated as ADR. the Public courts may be asked review the validity of ADR methods, but they will rarely overturn ADR decisions and awards if the disputing parties formed a valid contract to abide by them. the Arbitration and mediation are the two major forms of ADR.Arbitration, a wid ely used form of ADR, is a kind of dispute resolution method that the disputes arising between the parties are resolved by the arbitrators appointed by them instead of states legal bodies. the Mediation, a wide applicable form of ADR, is a method in which the mediator provides better communication between the parties of the dispute. then The mediator does not guide or direct the parties, or gives an advice or gives a binding decision like an arbitrator or a judge. then The mediator only contents with asking directive questions to the parties better communication with each other.In case an agreement is not reached at the end of mediation process, the information and documents obtained from the deliberations cannot be used as evidence in a possible, future lawsuit.The Tribunal ProcessAlthough some employees and employers can now choose to follow an alternative dispute resolution procedure, most employee complaints are still heard at an employment tribunal. but You need to tak e tribunals seriously. because If you have well-thought-out procedures, and follow them, you can prepare good evidence making it easy to defend your actions.The interpretation of employment law is moving in favour of the 2009 b) Identify the parties involved in the senario 3 with the help of a proper diagram and their responsibilities.BankThe banker is to advise companies, institutions and governments on how to achieve their financial goals and implement long and short-term financial plans Corporate investment bankers work in dedicated teams, focusing on specific transactions or market sectors. then They also work alongside other related professionals such as lawyers and accountants. A typical corporate finance deal involves two stages:Origination: assessing a deals desirability which is sometimes an innovative idea from the bank rather than the client. Financial models are used to simulate possible outcomes. This requires a deep understanding of a sector.Execution: structurin g and negotiating the detailed terms of a deal, often in liaison with other professionals Although dealing with different, specific business areas, project teams liaise with one another during the two phases of a deal in order to obtain relevant specialist information and market intelligence.Typical activities on a day-to-day basis include:*thoroughly researching market conditions and developments;*identifying new business opportunities;*carrying out financial modelling, then developing and of presenting appropriate financial solutions to clients;*liaising with the chief executive and chief finance officers of large organisations;*co-ordinating teams of professionals including accountants, lawyers and PR consultants and working closely with them.ClientThe client should ensure the following concerning the principle contractor:* that the potential principal contractor to be appointed has the necessary competencies and the resources to carry out the construction work safely.* ens ure prior to work commencing on site that every principal contractor is registered and in good standing with the compensation fund or employee, and awards are increasing, so it is important to understand to the system and the way tribunals operate.This briefing covers:1.The tribunal process, from the start to finish.2.How to defend a case.3.How to prevent disputes arising. the Employment tribunal hearings usually take place before a legally qualified employment judge and two lay members, one nominated by an employersorganisation and the other from a union oremployees body.The employment tribunal process is impartial, but in an unfair dismissal claim it does generally start by assuming that there is a case for the employer to answer._Tribunals try to be guided by what is reasonable. They will take into account prevailing standards and practices in your industry and recognise that special difficulties can arise in smaller firms._Awards made by the tribunal are aimed at compensa ting the employee, not punishing the employer.b)The selection of ADR b Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Malaysian Court System" essay for you Create order